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1.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1535401

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La menopausia es una etapa, si bien normal, de profundos cambios en la vida de la mujer; la transición hacia la menopausia impone un reto al profesional de enfermería, encaminado a promover la salud, facilitar la transición y apoyar la búsqueda de solución a las necesidades que se presentan. Objetivo: El presente estudio está orientado a comprender los significados de la menopausia en mujeres de Armenia, Quindío, Colombia. Metodología: Se utilizó un enfoque cualitativo, fenomenológico e interpretativo desde la teoría de las transiciones de Meléis. Se efectuaron entrevistas a profundidad a seis mujeres de Armenia, previo consentimiento informado, con muestreo intencional, grabación y diario de campo; la información se analizó con apoyo de la base de datos ATLAS.ti, mediante codificación, categorización inductiva, triangulación y contestación con la literatura. Resultados: Se encontró una percepción negativa de la menopausia por sensación de fogajes, desasosiego, depresión y disfunción sexual; para los síntomas recurren a terapias complementarias y medicación, al respecto, algunas refieren una experiencia tranquilizadora y agradable. Urgen redes de acompañamiento en salud para promoción, prevención y apoyo familiar. Las participantes solicitan programas educativos específicos desde edades tempranas. Discusión: Los resultados coinciden con la literatura en cuanto a la experiencia de las participantes y la necesidad de apoyo y orientación. Desde la teoría de Meléis, la transición es de desarrollo, organizacional, con patrones múltiples, simultáneos y relacionados. La experiencia fue sentida y vivida negativamente, se necesitan espacios de análisis, reflexión y acompañamiento desde edades tempranas, para deconstruir el concepto de menopausia y climaterio como problema de salud, y abordarlo como evento vital y de renacimiento, como apertura a una nueva forma de vivir, con estilos de vida saludables. Conclusiones: Se concluye que la menopausia es percibida y experimentada como una etapa de ansiedad, desasosiego, tristeza y desesperanza, por el poco acompañamiento, deficiente educación y preparación de la mujer; las mujeres adultas "menopaúsicas" son poco reconocidas, rechazadas, y muchas veces solo toleradas por personas cercanas. Urgen redes de acompañamiento en salud.


Introduction: Menopause is a stage, although normal, of profound changes in a woman's life. The transition to menopause imposes a challenge on the nursing professional, aimed at promoting health, facilitating the transition and supporting the search for a solution to the needs that arise. Objective: The present study is aimed at understanding the meanings of menopause in women from Armenia, Quindio Department, Colombia. Metodology: A qualitative, phenomenological and interpretative approach was used, based on Meleis's theory of transitions. In-depth interviews were carried out on six women from Armenia, with prior informed consent, with intentional sampling, recording, and field diary; the information was analyzed with support of the ATLAS.ti database, through coding, inductive categorization, triangulation, and comparison with the literature. Results: A negative perception of menopause was found due to hot flashes, restlessness, depression and sexual dysfunction; for the symptoms they resort to complementary therapies and medication, as a result, some report a calming and pleasant experience; health accompaniment networks are urgently needed for promotion and prevention, and family support. They request specific educational programs from an early age. Discussion. The results coincide with the literature regarding the experience of the participants and the need for support and guidance. From Meleis's theory, the transition is developmental, organizational, with multiple, simultaneous and related patterns. The experience was felt and lived negatively, spaces for analysis, reflection and accompaniment are needed from an early age, to deconstruct the concept of menopause and climacteric as a health problem, and address it as a vital and rebirth event, as an opening to a new way of living, with healthy lifestyles. Conclusions: It is concluded that the menopause is perceived and experienced as a stage of anxiety, restlessness, sadness and hopelessness, due to the lack of accompaniment, poor education and preparation of women; "menopausal" adult women are little recognized, rejected and, many times, only tolerated by close people. Health support networks are urgently needed.

2.
Interdisciplinaria ; 40(2): 335-353, ago. 2023. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1448498

ABSTRACT

Resumen El objetivo fue evaluar el impacto de una intervención educativa en el conocimiento de la prevención de la neoplasia del cuello uterino en un grupo de estudiantes de enfermería y sus familias bajo el modelo de Nola Pender. El método fue un estudio cuasi-experimental con muestra no probabilística; se evaluó el conocimiento sobre la prevención y el control de la neoplasia del cuello uterino antes y después de una intervención educativa utilizando la encuesta validada por la Dra. Dina Rubio en 2009 con su previo consentimiento. La información fue tabulada mediante una hoja de cálculo del programa Microsoft Excel; se calcularon frecuencias específicas y frecuencias absolutas, y para el análisis se tomó el modelo de Nola Pender. Los resultados desde el punto de vista estadístico fueron que hay una información instalada en la estructura mental de las participantes sobre lo que es, implica y comporta como riesgo la neoplasia del cuello uterino. La percepción que está en el fondo de sus creencias denota un nivel favorable de conciencia y claridad, lo que posibilita que en las prácticas de autocuidado y la aplicación de la citología se reconozca frecuencia de uso, regularidad en el tiempo y atención a los resultados. En conclusión, al evaluar el impacto de la intervención educativa a través del modelo de Nola Pender se encontraron cambios en los conocimientos y un modelo ideal para utilizarse en grupos poblacionales heterogéneos en edades, niveles educativos, formación profesional y hábitos sexuales, porque integra la experiencia personal, el entorno y las prácticas de salud como tres elementos sin los cuales no es posible practicar el autocuidado y la cultura de intervención.


Abstract A large number of factors influence the level of information that people may have regarding cervical cancer and the way to prevent it, since education is not only provided by health personnel but also by the family. When making important decisions regarding self-care, people must have effective sex education, in which protection is of vital importance, since misinformation is one of the main factors that promotes cervical cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of an educational intervention on the knowledge of cervical cancer prevention in a group of nursing students and their families under the Nola Pender model. The method used in the study was a quasi-experimental, non-probabilistic sample; the knowledge about cervical cancer prevention and control was evaluated before and after the intervention, using the survey validated by Dr. Dina Rubio in 2009 (with her consent). The information was included in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet: the items were placed in columns and the subjects were included in the rows. Specific frequencies and absolute frequencies were calculated, the Nola Pender model was used for the analysis. The units of analysis were selected manually or randomly and these selections do not depend on probability but are generated based on the criteria of the researcher or the specific needs of the research. From a statistical point of view, information about what cervical cancer is, what it implies and how it behaves as a risk is engrained in the mental structure of the participants. To these implications of a technical and methodological nature, others of a structural and conceptual nature are added to build an integrative analysis of the results obtained in the field work. In this case, they include opinions, appraisals, judgments, and evaluations about cervical cancer. This research was organized in the following stages: (1) Evaluation of prior knowledge on cervical cancer prevention and control. The starting point of the investigation was the recognition that the participating women had a basic conceptual scaffolding, acquired through their own experience and self-training or by going to sources such as academia, social networks, specialized magazines, health institutions, medical staff and other specialists who help in the creation of an important background to consolidate an individual perspective. (2) Application of an educational intervention. In this stage, designed workshops were implemented and evaluated by the students with the advice of a teacher, and included the following topics: general concepts, signs and symptoms, associated risk factors, screening techniques, benefits, and exam precautions. The students contributed a theoretical, methodological and evaluative foundation to the design of each workshop, considering the expected training objectives, the characteristics included in its development, and a diversity of pedagogical actions that guarantee the efficiency of the transmitted message. (3) Reevaluation of the knowledge acquired. By applying a post-test, the knowledge acquired during the implementation of the workshops was recovered and resized. In this stage, the variability of the responses measured the transforming effect of the training, either by improving the knowledge acquired or by introducing new knowledge into the participant's cognitive model. The perception that participants have about self-care practices is linked to their beliefs, denoting a favorable level of awareness and clarity, which makes it possible for the application of cytology to recognize the frequency of use, regularity over time, and attention to the results. In conclusion, when evaluating the impact of educational intervention through the Nola Pender model, changes in knowledge were found. Results also indicate that this is an ideal model for employees in heterogeneous popu lation groups in ages, educational levels, professional training, and sexual habits, because it integrates personal experience, the environment and health practices as three elements without which it is not possible to practice self-care and the culture of intervention.

3.
Horiz. enferm ; 32(3): 306-321, 2021. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1353304

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: La calidad de las prácticas formativas de enfermería deben ir acompañadas por un sistema de conocimientos genéricos, desarrollo permanente, y apoyo en la práctica clínica. OBJETIVO: Describir las condiciones de calidad de las prácticas formativas de los últimos semestres del programa de Enfermería de la Universidad Católica de Manizales con relación a los criterios básicos definidos por el Ministerio de Protección Social, el Ministerio de Educación Nacional, y los definidos por el programa de Enfermería en los años 2015 ­ 2017. METODOLOGÍA: Investigación descriptiva, retrospectiva, documental. Con la información suministrada por la literatura, el marco de regulación, los factores y las características del modelo de evaluación de las prácticas, entre los años 2015 al 2017, los criterios de inclusión fueron el formato de evaluación de prácticas de la Universidad del caso y exclusión que se emplearon. RESULTADOS: Muestran debilidades y fortalezas como que se descubre que la UCM cumple con todos los criterios de idoneidad como institución educativa, pero hay condiciones para mejorar. CONCLUSIONES: Realizar acompañamiento a las entidades como hospitales y centros de práctica, para obtener mejores escenarios de práctica.


INTRODUCTION: The quality of nursing training practices must be accompanied by a generic knowledge system, permanent development, and support in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: Describe the quality conditions of the training practices of the last semesters of the Nursing program of the Universidad Católica de Manizales in relation to the basic criteria defined by the Ministry of Social Protection, the Ministry of National Education, and those defined by the Nursing program in the years 2015 - 2017. Descriptive METHODOLOGY, retrospective, documentary film. With the information provided by the literature, the regulatory framework, the factors and characteristics of the internship evaluation model, between the years 2015 to 2017, the inclusion criteria were the internship evaluation format of the University of the case and exclusion that were used. RESULTS: Show weaknesses and strengths as it is discovered that the UCM meets all the criteria of suitability as an educational institution but there are conditions for improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Provide support to entities such as hospitals and practice centers, to obtain better practice scenarios.


Subject(s)
Humans , Students, Nursing , Clinical Clerkship , Education, Nursing , Health Sciences/education , Faculty, Nursing , Universities , Colombia , Internship and Residency
4.
Horiz. enferm ; 31(3): 325-339, 2020. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1224098

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los cuidados paliativos comprenden una nueva atención de un equipo multidisciplinar, cumpliendo con la intención de mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes y su familia. OBJETIVO: analizar los estudios que revelen los problemas a los que se enfrenta el personal de enfermería que se encarga del cuidado paliativo. MÉTODO: Estudio de revisión bibliométrica y narrativa, se buscaron 75 artículos, de los cuales se seleccionaron 50, ya que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. Se descartaron 25 artículos puesto que eran de revisión, publicados antes del 2015 y su tema específico no trataba del rol de la enfermería en cuidados paliativos. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos ProQuest, SCIelo, Google Académico, Scopus, HINARI y PubMed. Con análisis documental bajo los criterios ocupacionales de percepción y de sentimientos a considerar por enfermería bajo la teoría de Cornelia M. Ruland. RESULTADOS: los problemas encontrados fueron sentimientos negativos que repercuten en los profesionales de enfermería como consecuencia del entorno donde se están brindando los cuidados paliativos. El riesgo de padecer el síndrome de burnout es más frecuente cuando experimentan situaciones de impotencia y de frustración emocional. CONCLUSIÓN: Se puede verificar que la teoría de Cornelia M. Ruland, es importante puesto que los conocimientos del personal de enfermería son necesarios al momento de brindar un cuidado paliativo, ayudando así a mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente, brindando un cuidado integral que fortalece una atención holística para cada paciente de forma individualizada.


INTRODUCTION: Palliative care includes new care from a multidisciplinary team, fulfilling the intention of improving the quality of life of patients and their families. OBJECTIVE: to analyze the studies that reveal the problems faced by nursing personnel who are in charge of palliative care. METHOD: Bibliometric and narrative review study, 75 articles were searched, of which 50 were selected, as they met the inclusion criteria. 25 articles were discarded since they were review articles, published before 2015 and their specific topic did not deal with the role of nursing in palliative care. A bibliographic search was performed in the ProQuest, SCIelo, Google Academic, Scopus, HINARI and PubMed databases. With documentary analysis under the occupational criteria of perception and feelings to be considered by the nurse under the theory of Cornelia M. RESULTS: Some of the problems found. They were negative feelings that affect nursing professionals because of the environment where palliative care is being provided. The risk of suffering from burnout syndrome is more frequent when they experience situations of impotence and emotional frustration. CONCLUSION: In conclusion and according to the articles found, it can be verified that the theory of Cornelia M. Ruland, It is important since the knowledge of the nursing staff is necessary when providing palliative care, thus helping to improve the quality of life of the patient, providing comprehensive care that strengthens holistic care for each patient individually


Subject(s)
Humans , Palliative Care , Patients , Nurses , Nursing, Team , Quality of Life
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